Hygrometer for regulating humidifying and heating systems.



'PATBNTED JAN. 30, 1906.

` S. W. CRAMER. HYGROMETER FOR REGU'LATING HUMIDIPYING AND HEATING SYSTEMS.

APPLIUATION FILED DEO.2B,1904.

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No. 811,383. PATENTED JAN. 30, 1906.

S. W'. GRANIER.

HYGROMETER FUR. REGULATING HUMIDIFYING AND HEATING SYSTEMS. APPLUATION FILED D110.23,19o4.

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JTW-2 lill l WIM/55555: INVENTOR UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ISTUART W. CRAll/IER, OF CHARLOTTE, -NORTII CAROLINA HYGROMETER FOR AREGULATlllG HUMIDIFYING ANU HEATING SYSTEMS.

NoK 811,383.

speiacation of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 30, 1906y Application iled December 28,1904. Serial No. 238,626..

I To all whom t may concern:

Beit known that I, START W. CRAMER, a

citizen ofthe United States, residing at Charlotte, in the county of Mecklenburg and State oi North Carolina, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Hyrometers for Regulating Humidifying and Ieating Systems ;V and I do hereby declare the following' l the art'to which it appertains to make and use the same'. i -Mv invention relates to instruments for regulating and indicating the degree of moisture in the atmosphere andthe temperature of the atmos ments thereof.

The invention consists in certain improvements in'construction, which will befully disclosed in theiollowing specification and claims.

In the accompanying drawings, which form part of this' specification, ,Figure 1 represents a front elevation of ,an apparatus embod ying my invention, and Figa a diagrammatic illustration ofthe 'electrical conductors.

In practice it is found thatA within ranges ot temperature ordinarily Vencountered in a textile factory a' regular and uniform depression of the wet-bulb?" (as it is termed) corresponds with aA practically-uniform relative-humidity. In other words, for a-" temperature of air,.as shown by a dry-bulb' thermometer, a 6o depression oi the Wet-bulb would give a pproximately sixty-nine per cent. relative hun'iidity, at QOO'tem erature a 6 de-l pression oi"V the wet-bulb wou d give approximately seventy-three per cent. relative hu fluidity, at 70O temperature a 7 depression o'i` the wet-bulb would give approximately sixty-live per cent. relative humidity, and at temperature' a .7o Vdepression 'of ,the wetloulb would Agive approximately `sixty-nine per Cent. relative humidity. It is therefore obvious that we can arrive ata system of indicating within very close limits the relative humidity-by a iixed depression of' the wet-y bulb. vThis can be further reiined and made absolutelyaccurate by providinff in the oon,-

structionloi the instrument for the necessary .power of the atmosphere in the room.

here automatically in a factory,k -or other bui ding and in separate compart-I thereto.

thermometers lies in the'scale 13, in which 85 .the highest ordinal or number is at the top of plus or minus variations in the depression of the wet-bulb.

Reference bein haduto the drawings and the designating c aracters thereon, the nu# 55 meral 1 indicates the back or base on which.

theseveral parts oi the'instrument are supe ported. 2 is a wet-bulb thermometer having an elongated bulb 3, whichis surrounded by anetting 4, of textile material, from which a 6c wick 5 extends down into a vessel 6, containing water, and which water rises through the wick and netting by capillary attraction and cools the bulb according to the evaporativetube used in this instance is a three-leg tube 1 `terminating at both ends in bulbs 3 at the lower end and' 7 at the upper end, and. the tube is provided with a column of mercury 8,

which is interposed vbetween columns 9 and 7c 10 of a non-conducting liquid, such as alcohol, and this column ofmercury consists'oi an outer leg on one side and an intermediate or "indicating leg on the opposite sideladja-- cent 'to the graduated scale 1.1L it.will be noticed, has its highest ordinal or number at the bottom, and diie intermediate column indicates increased temperature as it. descends.

12 indicates aIdry-bulb thermometer, and `8o in construction the tube is an exact duplicate i of the tube 2 of the vwet-bulb thermometer,

and the same reference characters are applied The distinction between the two the dry-bulb thermometer, and the outer column indicates increased temperature as it asoendsf,

14 indicates wires-which enter the tube of '9oV the lwet-bulb thermometer, extend 1to the bore of the tube, and make contact-with the mercury as the upper end of the intermediate leg approaches the res ective wires. l

. 15 represents metal ie bars secured to the 95 ends of the wires 14 and forming electrical con-A ductors. 14 represents like wires, and liWH-wr represents like metallic bars applied to the tu e ofhe dry-bulb thermometer.. 17in at its upper end in a non-conductor 18 and at its lower end in a like non-conductor 19, and

The 6 5 This scale, 7 5

icates a vertical metallic `bar secured loo cated by l', which operate regulating-.valves 'ductors includingan elcctromagnetic de- The Wiring of the instrument is shown diagrammatically in Fig. 2. nected with the conducting-bar 15, extends from the upper connected bar on the wetbulb thermometer 2 to the lower connected bar 1-5Lon the dry-bulb thermometer 12 and connections are made in likemanner from the nex't higher bar connected to the Wet-bulb thermometer to the next lower bar connected tothe dry-bulb thermometer throughout all` the bars.

2l indicates a source of electrical energyY and may be in the form of a battery, as con-l Ventionally indicated, or it may be a dynamol andwith which the dry-bulb thermometer 12 is connected by wire 22 through a connecting-terminal or binding-post, (indicated by the letter,.T,) which connects With electro-- magnets to operate a regulating-valve of a heating system. (N ot shown.) v The bar 17 is connected thereto bya wire terminal 23 through a connecting or bindingpost, (indicated by the letter T,) which connects with the same electromagnets and` regulatingvalve, the electromagnets being diagrammatically indicated by theletter I. The Wet-I bulb thermometer is connected to the battery-wire 24 through a terminal or bindingpost, (indicated by T,) which connects with electromagnets, also diagrammaticallyV vindion a hum'iditying system. (Not shown.)

The electrical energy supplied to the drybulb and the wet-bulb thermometers causes 'them to operate in harmony, and as the intermediate leg of mercury in the. Wet-bulb thermometer or the hygrometer side makes and breaks the electric circuit, due to a rise andY fall in the humidity of the atmosphere, electric current is su plied to and cut olf from the regulating-va ves of the humidifying systern to regulate the supply ofajvater thereto,` and as the outer leg of mercury in .the dry-- bulbv thermometer or the thermostat side makes and breaks the circuit, due. to varia-- tions in the temperature, the electric current is suppliedto and cut 'off from the regulating- Valve of a heating system to regulate the supply of steam or hot `water thereto.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim is 1. The combination with'a source of electrical energy, of means for indicating te'mperature and means for indicating humidity, each of the meansA being adapted to close an electric circuit, 'separate'4 electrical conduc- The Wire 21, con- Vice, 'a plurality ol electrical conductors connecting said means, each ol" said latter conductors uniting selected points on the indicating means.

2.The combination with a source of electrical energy, of dry -bulb thermometer and a wet-bulb thermometer, each of said tric circuit, separate thermometers being adapted to close an electric circuit, separate electrical conductors connecting said source of electrical energ)v with each ot' said thermometers, one of the said conductors including an electromagnetic device, a plurality of' electrical. conductors connecting said thermometers, each oi` said Alatter conductors uniting a selected point on the dry-bulb thermometer with a selected point on the Wet-bulb thermometer.

3. The combination with a source of electrical energy, of means for regulating and indicating temperature and means for regulating andindieating humidity, each oia 'said means being adapted to close an'clectric circuit, separate electrical conduc'to'rs connecting said source of electrical energy With each of said'means, each of said conductors in;A

cluding anfelectr'omagnetic device, a plurall ity of electrical conductors connecting said means, each of said latter conductors uniting selected points on the means for indicatin temperatureand humidity, and an electrica conductor leading from said sourceof electrical energy andadapted to be placed in communication with any one-ofsaid latter conductors.

4. The combination with,a source of'electrical energy', of adry-bulb,thermometer anda YWet-bulb thermometer, each of said thermometers being adpted to close an elecconnecting said sourcefoi electrical energy with each of' said thermometers, each ofsaid conductors includimr an electromagnetic device, a plurahty ot electrical conductors connecting said thermometers, each oi' said lat-,

ter conductors uniting selectedpoints on the dry-bulb thermometer with selected points on the wet-bulb thermometer,'and an electrical conductor leading from'said source of electrical energyand adapted to be placed in communication with Aany one of said latter conductors. j

5. The combination with a source of electrical'energy, of a dry-bulb thermometer and a Wet-bulb thermometer, each of said thermometers being adapted to close an elec- .tric circuit, separate electrical conductors connecting said source ot' electrical energy with each of said thermometers, each of said IOO ectrical. conductors conductors includin aelectromagnetic de, electrical conductor leading from said source vice,` a plurality .of ee'ctrcel conductors conof electrical energy and adapted'to be placed necting seid thermometers, each of seid 'letter in communication with any one of said letter conductors uniting e selected! point" on the conductors'. l 5 dry-bulb 'thermometer With a selected Apoint In testimony whereof I aflix my signature I-5 'on the Wet-bulb thermometer, the thermonb fin presence of two Witnesses.

eters being'constructed end'ar'ranged so-that STUART W. CRAMER. the circuit-closing ends of the-mercurial col Witnesses: umn's move in opposite directions under'the D. C. REINQHL,

1o influence of a change in tempe1a.ture,.and` an W; PARKER REINDHL. 

